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Explain the class-full sub-netting with example.

Classful Subnetting Explained: A Computer Networking Deep Dive

Understanding Classful Addressing

  • IP addresses were originally divided into classes (A, B, C).
  • Each class had a fixed subnet mask.
  • Class A: 8 bits for network, 24 bits for host.
  • Class B: 16 bits for network, 16 bits for host.
  • Class C: 24 bits for network, 8 bits for host.
  • This limited network flexibility.

The Limitations of Classful Addressing

  • Inefficient use of IP address space.
  • Large networks were restricted by the host address limit.
  • Small networks wasted IP addresses.
  • Difficult to accommodate network growth.

Subnetting: Dividing Networks

  • Subnetting allows dividing a classful network into smaller subnets.
  • This is done by borrowing bits from the host portion of the address.
  • A subnet mask defines the network and subnet portions.
  • It increases network efficiency.

Classful Subnetting Example: Class C Network

  • Consider a Class C network with IP address 192.168.1.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
  • To create 4 subnets, borrow 2 bits from the host portion (2² = 4).
  • New subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.192.
  • Subnets: 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26, 192.168.1.128/26, 192.168.1.192/26.
  • Each subnet has 62 usable host addresses (2⁶ - 2).
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