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What is Probe. Explain its different types.

What is a Probe in Cybersecurity? In Information Technology, a probe in cybersecurity refers to a technique used to collect information about a system, network, or device, often as a pre-attack activity.  It is commonly used by cyber attackers, ethical hackers, and security professionals to discover vulnerabilities or monitor network behavior. Purpose of Probes: To detect open ports, services, and vulnerabilities To analyze network traffic To prepare for penetration testing or cyber-attacks To ensure security compliance and monitoring Types of Probes in Cybersecurity 1. Port Scanning Scans a system to find open ports. Helps detect running services. Tools: Nmap, Masscan 2. Network Mapping Identifies all devices and connections in a network. Used to understand network layout and entry points. 3. Vulnerability Scanning Checks systems for known vulnerabilities. Used in audits and ethical hacking. Tools: Nessus, OpenVAS 4. Banner Grabbing Captures service banners to learn software type ...
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Benefits of Learning and Using Python Over Other Languages

  Benefits of Learning and Using Python Over Other Languages 1. 🧠 Easy to Learn & Readable Syntax Python uses simple, human-readable syntax that mimics natural language, making it beginner- friendly and faster to write code. 2. 🚀 Rapid Development & Prototyping Python allows for faster idea validation and development due to its concise syntax and large number of libraries. 3. 📚 Extensive Libraries and Frameworks With libraries like NumPy, Pandas, Django, Flask, TensorFlow, and OpenCV, Python supports web development, data science, AI, automation, and more. 4. 🌐 Wide Community Support Python has one of the largest programming communities, ensuring continuous improvements, vast learning resources, and quick troubleshooting help. 5. 🤖 Versatile for Multiple Domains Whether it's web development, data analysis, machine learning, IoT, scripting, or automation, Python is widely used across all domains. 6. 🧪 Excellent for Automation and Scripting Python excels in writing scri...
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What is Vulnerability Scanning in Cyber Security?

What is Vulnerability Scanning in Cyber Security? Definition: Vulnerability scanning is an automated process that identifies security weaknesses and misconfigurations in systems, networks, and applications. Purpose: Its goal is to detect known vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them. Tools Used: Popular tools include Nessus, OpenVAS, Qualys, Nexpose, etc. How It Works: The scanner compares the target system’s configurations and software versions against a database of known vulnerabilities (like CVE - Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). Types of Vulnerability Scans: Internal Scan – Performed within the organization's network. External Scan – Done from outside to simulate an external attack. Authenticated Scan – Uses valid credentials to access deeper system details. Unauthenticated Scan – Tests without login credentials, like a hacker would. Benefits: Early detection of security flaws Helps in maintaining compliance (e.g., PCI-DSS, ISO 27001) Reduces risk of cyber-attac...
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What is the difference between is and == in Python?

What is the difference between is and == in Python? == (Equality Operator)  == checks whether the values of two variables are equal, meaning the data stored in both variables is the same, even if they are different objects in memory. == is typically used for comparing the contents of objects such as numbers, strings, lists, or dictionaries. You should use == for most logical comparisons and use is only when identity matters, such as if obj is None: instead of if obj == None:. is (Identity Operatot) is checks whether two variables refer to the same object in memory, meaning they have the same identity or memory address. is is used when you want to check object identity, such as comparing a variable to None or checking if two variables reference the exact same instance of an object For example, two separate lists with the same values will return True with == but False with is because they are two different objects. Immutable objects like small integers and short strings may behave un...
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Illustrate the aim and objective of Indian IT ACT 2000.

Introduction The Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 is the primary law in India that governs cyber activities. It provides legal recognition for transactions carried out electronically and aims to reduce cybercrimes and ensure secure digital communication. Aim of the IT Act, 2000 To provide legal recognition for e-commerce and e-governance. To facilitate secure electronic records and digital signatures. To prevent cybercrime and ensure cybersecurity in the country. To promote confidence in digital transactions. To ensure data integrity, privacy, and authenticity in electronic communications. Objectives of the IT Act, 2000 (in Cyber Security terms) Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents Ensures that digital records and contracts are legally valid. Security of Electronic Transactions Promotes use of digital signatures and encryption to protect online data. Protection Against Cybercrimes Defines and penalizes activities like hacking, identity theft, cyberstalking, phishing, etc. Est...
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