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What is HTTP? Differentiate its persistent and non-persistent types with request-response behavior of HTTP.

Understanding HTTP: Persistent vs. Non-Persistent Connections

What is HTTP?

  • HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
  • It's an application layer protocol that defines how clients (like web browsers) and servers exchange information.
  • Uses a client-server model.
  • Primarily uses TCP for reliable data transmission.

HTTP Request-Response Behavior

  • A client initiates a request to the server (e.g., requesting a webpage).
  • The server processes the request.
  • The server sends a response back to the client (e.g., the webpage content).
  • The response includes a status code indicating success or failure.

Non-Persistent HTTP

  • One TCP connection is used for one request-response cycle.
  • The connection is closed after each response.
  • More overhead due to repeated connection establishment and termination.
  • Simpler to implement.

Persistent HTTP

  • A single TCP connection can handle multiple request-response cycles.
  • The connection remains open until explicitly closed or timed out.
  • Reduces overhead by avoiding repeated connection establishment.
  • Improves performance, especially for web pages with multiple components (images, scripts).

Persistent HTTP Connection Management

  • Server keeps the connection open for a specified time or until a certain number of requests are handled.
  • Client may send multiple requests over a single persistent connection.
  • Pipelining: Client can send multiple requests consecutively without waiting for responses. Server handles them in order.
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