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What is IP address? Explain sub netting with example.

Demystifying IP Addresses and Subnetting: A Computer Networking Guide

What is an IP Address?

  • A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network.
  • Enables devices to communicate with each other over the internet or a local network.
  • Uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for addressing.
  • Two main versions: IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit). IPv6 addresses the limitations of the dwindling IPv4 addresses.
  • Represented in dotted-decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.100 for IPv4).

Understanding Subnetting

  • Dividing a larger network (IP address range) into smaller, more manageable subnetworks.
  • Improves network efficiency and security.
  • Achieved by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address to create subnet masks.
  • Subnet masks determine which bits represent the network address and which represent the host address.
  • Reduces broadcast traffic and improves routing.

Subnetting Example: Class C Network

  • Original Class C network: 192.168.1.0/24 (254 usable hosts).
  • We need to create two subnets.
  • Borrowing 2 bits from the host portion (/26 subnet mask).
  • This creates four subnets:
- 192.168.1.0/26 (62 usable hosts) - 192.168.1.64/26 (62 usable hosts) - 192.168.1.128/26 (62 usable hosts) - 192.168.1.192/26 (62 usable hosts).
  • Each subnet has its own network address and broadcast address.
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