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Discuss the working of slotted aloha along with its efficiency in terms of channel utilization.

Understanding Slotted ALOHA: Efficiency and Channel Utilization in Computer Networks

What is Slotted ALOHA?

  • A random access protocol for wireless networks.
  • Divides time into discrete slots synchronized across all nodes.
  • Nodes transmit only at the beginning of a slot.

How Slotted ALOHA Works

  • Nodes have packets ready for transmission.
  • Each node waits for the beginning of a time slot.
  • A node transmits its packet at the start of a randomly chosen slot.
  • If only one node transmits in a slot, the transmission is successful.
  • If multiple nodes transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs.
  • All collided packets are lost and retransmitted after a random delay.

Efficiency of Slotted ALOHA

  • Maximum channel utilization is 1/e (approximately 36.8%).
  • This is achieved with a low number of nodes.
  • As the number of nodes increases, the probability of collisions increases drastically.
  • The efficiency decreases significantly due to increased contention.
  • Retransmissions contribute to wasted channel capacity.

Improving Slotted ALOHA Efficiency (Limitations Addressed)

  • Careful selection of retransmission delays helps minimize collisions.
  • Using smaller packet sizes can improve throughput.
  • However, fundamental limitations in efficiency remain.
  • It's not suitable for high-traffic environments.
  • More sophisticated protocols offer better efficiency for high node densities.
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