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How does SQL Injection attack work?

SQL Injection Attacks: A Deep Dive into the Threat

Understanding SQL Databases

  • Stores data in structured tables.
  • Uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for data manipulation.
  • Vulnerable to attacks if input validation is weak.

The Attack Mechanism

  • Malicious SQL code is injected into user inputs.
  • The application fails to sanitize this input.
  • The injected code alters the original SQL query.
  • The modified query executes on the database server.

Common Attack Vectors

  • Login forms (username/password fields).
  • Search forms (search input fields).
  • Data entry forms.
  • URL parameters.

Exploiting Vulnerabilities

  • Retrieving sensitive data (e.g., user credentials).
  • Modifying or deleting data.
  • Taking control of the database server.
  • Executing arbitrary commands on the operating system (rare but severe).

Prevention Techniques

  • Parameterized queries (prepared statements).
  • Input validation and sanitization.
  • Least privilege principle for database users.
  • Regular security audits and penetration testing.
  • Web Application Firewall (WAF).
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